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Hazrat Imam Muhammad Baqir a.s

Hazrat Imam Muhammad Baqir a.s

Asalamoalaka ya Hazrat Imam Muhammed Baqir a.s.

Name - Mohammed

Title - Al-Baqir

Kunyat - Abu Jafar

Born - Tuesday 1st of Rajab 57 A.H. , at Medina

Father's Name - Ali ibn Husain

Mother's Name - Fatima binte Hassan

Died - At the age of 59 years, at Medina, on Monday, 7th Zilhajj 116 AH. Poisoned by Hisham bin Abdul Malik

Buried - Jannat-ul-Baqi .

Hazrat Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s)

Al-Baqir Muhammad b. Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be on them, was out of (all) his brothers the successor of his father, Ali b. al-Husayn, his testamentary trustee (wasi), and the one who undertook (qaim) the office of Imam after him. He surpassed all of them through his outstanding merit (fadl) in traditional knowledge (ilm), asceticism and leadership. He was the most renowned of them, the one among them who was most esteemed by both non-Shia (amma) and Shia (khassa), and the most able of them. None of the sons of al- Hasan and al-Husayn, peace be on them, showed the same ability in knowledge of religion, traditions, the sunna, the knowledge of the Qur'an and the life of the Prophet (sira), and the techniques of literature, as Abu- Jafar (Muhammad al-Baqir) showed. The surviving Companions (of the Prophet), the leading members of the next generation (tabieun) and the leaders of the Muslim jurists reported the principal features (ma'alim) of religion on his authority. By virtue of his outstanding merit he became a signpost (of knowledge) to his family. Proverbs were coined about him and reports and verses were written to describe him.

He, peace be on him, was born in Medina, in 57 A.H. (676/7). He died in 114 A.H. (732) at the age of fifty-seven. He was a (leading) member of the Hashimite family within the Hashimites. He was a (leading) descendant of Ali among the descendants of Ali. He was buried in (the cemetery of) al-Baqi'i in (Medina) the city of the Apostle, may God bless him and his family.

In the testamentary bequest (wasiyya) which the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, made to his children, mention was made of Muhammad b. Ali b. al-Husayn and of his trusteeship. The Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, named him and caused him to be known as the one who split open (religious) knowledge (ulum) as the narrators of tradition (ashab al-athar) report.

Thus it is reported on the authority of Jabir b. Abd Allah in a direct (mujarrad) tradition:
The Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, said to me:
It will happen that you will live until you meet one of my children descended from al-Husayn, peace be on him, called Muhammad, who will split wide open knowledge of religion. When you meet him, recite my greeting to him.
The Shia give an account of the tablet which Gabriel, peace be on him, brought down to the Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, from heaven. (The Apostle) gave it to Fatima, peace be on her. In it are the names of the Imams after (the Apostle) and in it is Muhammad b. Ali, the Imam after his father.

The Shia also report that God, the Mighty and High, sent down to His Prophet, the blessings and peace of God be on him, a document sealed with twelve seals. He ordered him to give it to the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, and to tell him to break the first seal, and he should act according to what is in (that part of the document). At the time of his death, he should pass it to his son, al-Hasan, peace be on him, and tell him to break the second seal and act according to what is in (that part of) the document. At the time of his death he should pass it to his brother al-Husayn, peace be on him. He should tell him to break the third seal and act according to what is below it. Then at his death, he should pass it to his son, Ali b. al-Husayn al- Akbar (the elder) and he should instruct him in a similar way. Then Muhammad should pass it to his son right down to the last of the Imams.

They report also numerous designations (nusus) of him for the Imamate after his father on the authority of the Prophet, may God bless him and his family, on the authority of the Commander of the faithful and on the authority of al-Hasan, al-Husayn and Ali b. al- Husayn, peace be on them.

The people report (accounts) of his outstanding virtues and accomplishments which would be too numerous to include. We will mention what will be sufficient in meaning for our purposes, if God wills.

Abu Jafar, peace be on him, recounted reports of the beginnings of history (mubtada') and reports of the prophets. Stories of the campaigns of the Prophet (maghazi) were written on his authority. (Men) followed the practices of the Prophet (sunan) on his authority and relied on him with regard to the rites of the pilgrimage which he reported on the authority of the Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family. They (also) wrote a commentary of the Qur'an on his authority. Both the Shia (khassa) and the non-Shia (amma) report traditions on his authority. He debated with the exponents of individual reasoning (ahl al-ara') and the people learnt a great deal of theology (ilm al-kalam) from him.

Reports have come down that Nafi b. al-Azraq came to Muhammad b. Ali, peace be on them, and sat before him to ask him questions about what was permitted and what forbidden. Abu Jafar, peace be on him, said in the course of his answer:
Say to these deviators (from the true course): How did you make separation from the Commander of the faithful (Ali), peace be on him, lawful when you had earlier shed your own blood on his behalf and in obedience to him and (you were then close) to God through helping him? Then they will answer you: He allowed arbitration with regard to the religion of God. Say to them: God, the Exalted, allowed arbitration in the law (sharia) of His Prophet, may God bless him and his family, between two of His creatures. For He said:
Send an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family if they want reconciliation (to take place) between them with the agreement of God [IV 35].
The Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, appointed Sad b. Muadh as an arbitrator over the tribe of Qurayza. He judged them according to what God had accomplished. Did you not know that the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, ordered the arbitrators only to judge according to the Qur'an and not to go beyond it? He stipulated the rejection of any of the laws of men which opposed the Qur'an. They said to him: 'You have appointed as arbitrator over yourself, men who will judge you.' He replied: 'I have not appointed a creature as an arbitrator. I have only made the Book of God an arbitrator. Therefore where do the deviators find the wrong-doing in the matter of arbitration by the Qur'an, when he stipulated the rejection of whatever opposed it, unless they are persisting in a false accusation?
"By God", said Nafi b. al-Azraq, "these are words which I have never heard before and which have never occurred to my mind. It is the truth, God willing."
He, peace be on him, used to say: "The people cause us great trouble. We summon them but they do not answer us. If we abandoned them, they would be guided by no one."

He, peace be on him, (also) used to say: "What is it that the people hate in us who are the family of the House of Mercy, the Tree of Prophethood, the Source of Wisdom, (the people) frequented by angels and (those upon whom) inspiration descended?"

He, peace be on him, died and left behind seven sons. Each of his brothers had great merit, even though they did not attain his merit because of his position with regard to the Imamate, because of his rank with God with regard to closeness and love (wilaya), and because of his position with regard to succession (khilafa) of the Prophet, may God bless him and his family. The period of his Imamate and of his undertaking the position of his father in the succession (on behalf of) God, the Mighty and High, over His servants was nineteen years.

The Life of Imam

Mohammed al-Baqir

PUBLISHER'S PREFACE	5
DEDICATION	7
INTRODUCTION	9

CHAPTER I

THE GREAT BABY	17
HIS MOTHER	17
HIS FATHER	18
THE GREAT BABY	18
HIS NAME	18
HIS KUNYA	18
HIS NICKNAME	20
THE GREETINGS OF THE PROPHET TO AL-BAQIR	21
HIS FEATURES	24
HIS EARLY CLEVERNESS	25
HIS SOLEMNITY AND HIS PRESTIGE	25
THE INSCRIPTION OF HIS RING	26
HIS RESIDENCE	27

CHAPTER II

UNDER THE AUSPICES OF AL-HUSAYN AND ALI	29
UNDER THE CARE OF HIS GRANDFATHER	29
UNDER THE AUSPICES OF HIS FATHER	31
ADMIRATION AND GLORIFICATION	31
1. Sa'id b. al-Musayyab	31
2. Al-Zuhri	31
3. Zayd b. Aslam	32
4. 'Umar b. Abd al-Aziz	32
5. Abu Hazim	32
6. Malik	32
7. Jabir b. Abd Allah	32
8. Al-Waqidi	32
HIS HIGH MORALS	33
HIS PROCLAIMING KNOWLEDGE	35
HIS URGING (THE MOSLEMS) TO SEEK KNOWLEDGE	35
HIS HONORING THE SEEKERS OF KNOWLEDGE	35
THE READERS OF THE KORAN CLEAVED TO HIM	36
HIS FREEING OF SLAVES	36
HIS WORSHIP AND HIS PIETY	37
HIS ALMS AND HIS KINDNESS	39
THE WONDERFUL POEM OF AL-FARAZDAQ	41
DEEP SADNESS	44
HIS COMMANDMENTS TO HIS SON AL-BAQIR	45
HIS SUPPLICATION FOR HIS CHILDREN	47
IN PROTECTION FROM IMMORTALITY	52
AL-WALID POISONED THE IMAM	52
HIS DESIGNATION FOR THE IMAMATE OF AL-BAQIR	53
HIS BEQUESTS TO HIS SON AL-BAQIR	54
TO THE HIGH COMRADE	54
HIS PREPARATION FOR BURIAL	55
HIS FUNERAL	55
TO HIS FINAL RESTING PLACE	56
FABRICATION	57

CHAPTER III

HIS BROTHER AND HIS CHILDREN	59
HIS BROTHERS	59
ZAYD THE MARTYR	60
HIS BIRTH	60
HIS EARLY LIFE	61
HIS WORSHIP AND HIS PIETY	61
HIS KNOWLEDGE AND HIS LITERATURE	62
IMAM AL-BAQIR ADMIRED ZAYD	64
WITH HISHAM B.'ABD AL-MALIK	65
THE LEGAL UPRISING	68
THE GREAT UPRISING	70
Treason and perfidy	73
UNDER THE PROTECTION OF IMMORTALITY	74
TORTURING ZAYD'S SUPPORTERS	76
THE MOSLEMS DISCONTENT	77
BURNING THE GREAT BODY	79
WITH AL-MAS'UDI	80
AL-HUSAYN AL-ASGHAR (THE YOUNGER)	81
His Religious knowledge	81
His Clemency and his solemnity	81
His Devotion and his piety	82
'ABD ALLAH AL-BAHIR	82
His Nickname	83
His Religious knowledge	83
His Authority over the Heirlooms of the Prophet	83
His Death	84
'UMAR AL-ASHRAF	84
His Kunya	84
His Nickname	84
His Religious Knowledge	85
His Authority over the Heirlooms of the Prophet	85
His Death	85
'ALI	85
IMAM AL-BAQIR'S CHILDREN	86
1. Ibrahim	86
2. Imam Ja'far	86
3. 'Abd Allah	87
4. 'Ali	87
5. 'Abd Allah	88

CHAPTER IV

ADMIRATION AND GLORIFICATION	91
1. IMAM AL-SADIQ	91
2. MOHAMMED B.AL-MUNKADIR	91
3. SUDAYF AL-MAKKI	92
4. HISHAM B.'ABD AL-MALIK	92
5. AL-MANSUR AL-DAWANIQI	92
6. ABD ALLAH B.'ATA'	93
7. JABIR B. YAZID	94
8. JABIR B. 'ABD ALLAH	94
9. IBN HAJAR AL-HAYTHAMI	94
10. IBN KUTHAYR	95
11. 'ABD AL-HAMID AL-HANBALI	95
12. AL-NABAHANI	96
13. AL-QIRMANI	96
14. AL-DHAHABI	96
16. MOHAMMED AL-JAZRI	98
17. KAMAL AL-DIN AL-SHAFI'I	98
18. IDRIS AL-QARASHI	99
19. JAMAL AL-DIN	99
20. MOHAMMED AL-SABBAN	99
21. IBN ABI AL-HADDID	99
22. SHAYKH AL-MUFID	100
23. ABU AL-HASAN AL-TUBRISI	100
24. TAJJ AL-DIN	101
25. MAHMUD B.WHAYB	101
26. 'ABBAS AL-MAKKI	101
27. SAYYID KAZIM AL-YAMANI	101
28. IBN TAYMIYA	102
29. AL-SHAYKHANI	102
30. AL--MAJLISI	103
31. AL-NAWAWI	103
32. ABU ZAR'A	104
33. IBN 'ANBA	104
34. 'ALI B.'ISA AL-ARBALI	104
35. AHMED FAHMI	104
36. FARID WAJDI	105
37. ABU ZAHRAH	105
38. AL-TALMASANI	105
39. 'ABD AL-QADIR AL-HALABI	130

CHAPTER V

THE QUALITIES OF HIS CHARACTER	107
HIS IMAMATE	107
INFALLIBILITY	108
THE DEFINITION OF INFALLIBILITY	109
THE EVIDENCE FOR INFALLIBILITY	109
DOUBTS AND IMAGINATIONS	110
HIS CLEMENCY	112
HIS PATIENCE	113
HIS HONORING THE POOR	115
HIS RELEASING THE SLAVES	116
HIS SPENDING ON HIS COMPANIONS	116
HIS ALMS TO THE POOR OF MEDINA	116
HIS GENEROSITY AND HIS LIBERALITY	116
HIS WORSHIP	119
A. His Reverence in his Prayer	119
B. His many Prayers	119
C. His Supplications during his Prostration	120
D. His Supplication during his Personal Prayers	121
HIS PILGRIMAGE	124
HIS WHISPERED PRAYER WITH ALLAH	125
HIS PRAISING ALLAH	125
HIS RENOUNCING WORLDLY PLEASURES	125

CHAPTER VI

HIS TALENT AND HIS GENIUS	127
THE SCIENTIFIC LIFE AT HIS TIME	128
THE BRIGHT ROLE OF THE IMAM	128
THE SCIENCES THE IMAM DISCUSSED	129
The Tradition:	129
The reports of the Imams	131
THE TRADITION OF IMAM AL-BAQIR	132
His Traditions from the Prophet	132
Der'ar, Murah, Harb, Zalim	146
His Traditions on the Authority of the Commander of the Faithful	157
His Narration from his Grandfather Al-Husayn	160
His Narration from his father	161
His Narration from Jabir al-Ansari	161
His Narration from 'Umar	162
His Narration from b. 'Abbas	162
His Narration from Zayd b. 'Arqam	163
His Narration from Abi Dharr	163
THE EXEGESIS OF THE HOLY KORAN	164
The Virtue of Reciting the Koran	164
Repetition of Reciting the Koran	164
The Koran far above Falsehood	165
The Imam dispraised those who distort the Koran	165
Figurative Usage in the Koran	166
The Basmalah is part of the Suras of the Koran	166
THE KORAN WAS REVEALED IN SEVEN LETTERS	167
The seven letters	167
THE IMAM DENIED THE SEVEN LETTERS	169
THE METHOD OF EXEGESIS	169
The Exegesis through the transmitted sayings	169
The Exegesis through the Opinion	170
IMAM AL-BAQIR'S EXEGESIS	171
Examples of Al-Baqir's Exegesis	171
THEOLOGY	177
Monotheism	178
1. Allah is not attained through Reason	178
2. The Eternity of the Neccessary Being	180
3. Talking about the Essence of Allah is forbidden	182
4. The Knowledge of Allah	182
5. The Essence of Monotheism	183
6. The Attributes of Allah	183
7. Doubt and Unbelief	184
THE IMAMATE	184
The Critical Need for the Imam	184
To Know the Imam is obligatory	185
To Obey the Imam is obligatory	187
The Right of the Imam against People	187
The Dignity of the Imam	188
ACCEPTING THE LEADERSHIP OF THE IMAMAS OF AHL-BAYT	88
AL-BAQIR PRAISED THE IMAMS	189
THE NUMBER OF THE IMAMS	191
THE SUFFERING OF THE IMAMS	193
AL-BAQIR URGED REPORTERS AND TRADITIONALISTS TO PROCLAIM	193
THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE IMAMS	194
AL-BAQIR PREDICTED EVENTS	197
JURISPRUDENCE	202
Its Characteristics	204
1. Its Connection by the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his family)	204
2. Its Flexibility	205
3. It has opened a Door to Ijtihad	206
4. It resort to the Judgment of Reason	207
JURISPRUDENTIAL PROBLEMS	207
The Rules of Fighting in Islam	208
WIPING THE TWO LIGHT LEATHER BOOTS (KHUFFAYN)WITH WATER	211
TOUCHING THE VESTIBULE OF THE VULVA DOES NOT INVALIDATE WUDU	211
RAISING THE VOICE DURING THE QUITE PRAYER	212
ASKING ALLAH TO BLESS MOHAMMED AND HIS FAMILY IN TASHAHHUD	212
SCIENCE OF FUNDAMENTALS	213
Presumption of Continuity (Istishab)	214
The Rule of Passing ( Qaidat al-Tajawiz)	214
The Rule of Finishing (Qaidat al-Faragh)	214
The Rule of Removing Harm	215
THE REMEDY OF CONTRADICTION	216
1. Publicity (al-Shuhra)	217
2. The Tradition should be harmonious with the Book and the Sunnah	217
3. Preferring the Tradition through the Qualities of Narrators	218
ECONOMIC RESEARCHES	218
1.The Necessity of Improving Livelihood	218
2.Warning from the Laziness	218
3.Al-BAqir detested those who left Work	219
4.Work is Obedience to Allah	219
KNOWLEDGE AND SCHOLARS	220
1. The Virtue of Knowledge	220
2. The Virtue of the Scholar	221
3. Association with Scholars and the Pious	221
4. Discussing Knowledge	222
5. Rules for the Student	222
6. Proclaiming Knowledge	222
7. The Imam urged Moslems to learn	222
8. Understanding the Religion	223
9. Putting Knowledge into effect	223
10. Action coupled with Knowing Allah is accepted	223
11. The Imam dispraised Boasting of Seeking Knowledge	224
12. Giving Religous OPinion without Knowledge	225
13. The Qualities of the Scholar	225
TRADITIONS ON FAITH	227
1. The essence of Faith	227
2. The Ranks of Faith	228
3. The Qualities of the Pious	229
WITH THE SHI'ITES	231
1. His Commandments to his Shi'ites	231
2. The Early Shi'ites	234
3. The Attributes of the Shi'ites	235
4. Al-Baqir's Commandments to Shi'ites	236
5. Love for Ahl al-Bayt	238
6. Why have Shi'ites been called rafida?	241
7. Al-Baqir's Supplication for his Shi'ites	241
THE LIVES AND MAXIMS OF THE PROPHETS	242
1. Part of Allah's Revelation to Adam	242
2. Solomons maxim	243
3. A maxim in the Torah	243
4. Why was Noah called the Grateful Servant?	243
5. Noah's Prayer against his People	244
6. Ismael was the first to speak Arabic	244
7. Allah whispered words to Moses	244
8. Al-Baqir's denied that the Prophet was Illiterate	245
9. Noah and Iblis	245
10. The Death of Solomon	246
11. Jacob's meeting with Joseph	246
12. The Period of Jacob's Life in Egypt	247
ON THE PROPHET'S LIFE	247
1. The Prophet borrowed Weapons from Safwan	248
2. Khalid marched to Bani Judhayma	248
THE LIFE OF IMAM 'ALI	249
THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL PREDICTED THE MURDER OF AL-HUSAYN	250
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL	251
THE EVENTS OF SIFFIN	251
Raising the Siege from the Water	251
Mu'awiya and 'Amru b. Al-'As	252
Imam 'Ali delivered a Sermon at Siffin	252
The Day of Al-Harrir	254
The Document of the Arbitration	256
THE TRAGEDY OF IMAM HUSAYN	257
The Narration of 'Ammar Al-Dihni	258
Criticisms	265
IMAM AL-BAQIR'S VALUABLE COMMANDMENTS	266
His Commandments to his Son Al-Sadiq	266
His Commandments to one of his Children	267
His Commandments to 'Umar b. 'Abd Al-'Aziz	267
His Commandments to Jabir Al-Ju'fi	268
His Commandments to a Moslem	271
His Commandments to one of his Companions	271
HIS PREACHING	273
THE VIRTUE OF REASON	277
CLEVERNESS	277
CONTEMPLATION	278
NOBLE MANNERS	278
1. Kindness	278
2. Fairness	279
3. Kindness should be Equivalent to Fairness	279
RULES OF CONDUCT	280
1. Cheerfulness	280
2. Treating people kindly	280
MOSLEM'S RIGHTS	280
FULFILLING THE MOSLEM'S NEED	281
RELATIONS WITH WOMB RELATIVES	281
ALMS	282
PITY FOR THE ORPHAN	282
GOOD QUALITIES	282
SILENCE	283
BAD QUALITIES AND DEEDS	283
BACKBITING AND SLANDER	285
ANGER AND ITS REMEDY	286
VANITY	286
AL-BAQIR'S SUPPLICATION	286
IMAM AL-BAQIR URGED MOSLEMS TO SUPPLICATION	289
WONDERFUL MAXIMS	289
DID AL-BAQIR WRITE POETRY?	297

CHAPTER VII

KUTHAYR 'AZZAH AND AL-KUMAYT	299
KUTHAYR 'AZZAH	299
His Obedience to the Members of the House (Ahl al-Bayt), peace be on them	299
His Obedience to Al-Baqir	300
Kuthayr praised the Sons of Marwan	300
His Death	301
FABRICATED NARRATION	301
Criticisms	302
AL-KUMAYT AL-ASADI	303
His Birth and his Early Life	303
His Talents	303
His Poetry	304
Al-Kumayt and AL-Farazdaq	304
The Characteristics of his Poetry	306
His firm Doctrine	309
Al-Kumayt and Imam Al-Baqir	309
His longing for seeing the Imam	310
Al-Kumayt elegized Al-Husayn	311
A Poem of his Poems called Al-Hashimiyat	312
His Poem called Al-Lamiya	322
His Poem called Al-'Ayniya	324
His firm Struggle	326
1. His praising Ahl al-Bayt	327
2. HIs dispraising the Umayyads	327
3. His moving Tribalism between the Yemenis and the Nazaris	328
His Arrest	329
His Escape from Prison	330
Al-Kumayt received Forgiveness	330
Admonition and Apology	332
To Paradise	333

CHAPTER VIII

INSIGNIFICANT KINGS
MARWAN BIN AL-HAKAM	335
1. The Prophet cursed him	335
2. His father was banished from Medina	336
3. During the Days of 'Uthman	337
His Inclinations and his Qualities	338
Marwan was fond of cursing the Commander of the Faithful	339
His Caliphate	339
His Death	341
'ABD AL-MALIK BIN MARWAN	341
His Qualities	341
1. Tyranny	341
2. Perfidy	342
3. Cruelty and Uselessness	342
4. Miserliness	343
'Abd al-Malik transferred the Hajj to Jerusalem	343
'Abd al-Malik disparaged his Predecessors	344
'Abd al-Malik appointed al-Hajjaj as Governor	344
The Prophet's Prophecy	344
The Prophecy of the Commander of the Faithful	345
The Indignant with al-Hajjaj	345
1. 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz	346
2. 'Aism	346
3. Al-Qasim	346
4. Zadhan	346
5. Tawus	346
Some of al-Hajjaj's Characteristics	346
His Unbelief	348
Disdaining the Prophet	348
Some of al-Hajjaj Crimes	349
He punished the Shia severely	349
The critical Condition of Kufa	350
He attacked the Kaba with Catapults	351
His Prisons	351
His Death	352
'Abd al-Malik and al-Akhtal	352
Imam al-Baqir and Abd al-Malik	353
Abd al-Malik ordered Imam al-Baqir to be arrested	354
Imam al-Baqir freed Islamic money	355
The Death of Abd al-Malik	358
AL-WALID BIN ABD AL-MALIK	358
SULAYMAN BIN ABD AL-MALIK	360
His Death	360
UMAR BIN ABD AL AZIZ	361
He prevented the People from Cursing	362
He gave the Alids their Rights	364
He returned Fadak	364
Umar bin Abd al-Aziz	367
1. Imam al-Baqir predicated of Umar's Caliphate	367
2. 'Umar honored Imam al-Baqir	367
3. 'Umar exchanged letters with Imam al-Baqir	368
Baseless Accusation	369
Criticisms	369
His Death	370
YAZID BIN ABD AL-MALIK	370
HISHAM BIN ABD AL-MALIK	371
Imam al-Baqir in Damascus	372
Imam al-Baqir made a Speech in Damascus	373
Imam al-Baqir was arrested	374
Imam al-Baqir and a Priest	377
Hisham ordered the Shops to be closed	379

CHAPTER IX

THE TIME OF IMAM AL-BAQIR	381
THE ISLAMIC SECTS	381
The Mu'tazilites	382
The history of the Mu'tazilites	382
The Mu'tazilites and Policy	382
The Mu'tazilites and the Christians	384
The fundamental Doctrines	384
1. Oneness of Allah	384
2. Divine Justice	385
3. Promise and Threat	386
4. Rank between two Ranks	386
5. Enjoying Good and Forbidding Evil	387
The Shia and the Mu'tazilites	387
Generally accept Matters	389
General unaccepted Matters	398
1. The Imamate of the Mafdul	389
2. Intercession	390
Imam al-Baqir and the Leaders	390
1. Al-Hasan al-Basri	390
2. Imam al-Baqir refuted al-Hasan	391
3. Imam al-Baqir and Amru bin Ubayd	392
The Murji'a	392
1. The Meaning of the Murji'a	393
The Growth of the Murji'a	394
The Shi'a and the Murji'a	394
Grimar's Claims	395
The Definition of Faith	396
Imam al-Baqir and Amru al-Masir	396
Abu Hanifah and the Irja	397
The Kharijites	397
Their Religious Views	399
Imam al-Baqir and Nafi	400
The Shia	401
The Meaning of the Shia	401
The Beginning of Shi'ism	401
The Fable of Abd Allah b. Saba'	405
1. Al-Malti	405
2. Al-Nashshar	405
3. Shaykh Abu Zahra	406
The Shia and Excessiveness	407
The Meaning of Excessiveness	407
The Shia have renounced the Excessive	408
The Shiite view concerning the Imams	409
The Love of the Shia for the Imams	410
The Aspects of Love for the Imams	412
The Shi'a and the Companions (of the Prophet)	414
The Definition of the Companions	414
The Position of the Companions	414
1. Sayyid 'Ali Khan	415
Imam Sharf al-Din	415
The Attitude of Imam al-Baqir	417
The Shi'ite Political Thoughts	419
Economic Welfare	419
Abolishing Racial Discrimination	420
Spreading Justice	420
Revolt against Oppression	420
Boldness and Intrepidity	422
The Shi'a faced Troubles	423
Precautionary Dissimulation	425
The Unity of the Shi'a	426
Scientific Life	426
The School of the Next Generation	426
1. Sa'id b. al-Musayyab	427
His Scientific Position	427
His Reliability	428
His Death	428
2.'Urwa bin al-Zubayr	428
His Death	429
3. 'Ubayd Allah bin 'Abdl Allah	429
4. 'Abd al-Rahman	430
5. Sulayman bin Yasar al-Hilali	430
6. Kharija bin Zayd b. Thabit	430
7. Al-Qasim bin Mohammed	430
The School of the Ahl al-Bayt	431
Public Cultural Life	432
Political Life	433
Political Parties	433
1. The Umayyad Party	434
2. The Zubayri Party	435
3. The Kharijites	436
4. The Shi'a	436
Discords and Disorders	437
Play and Luxury	438
Excessive Dowries	439
Luxurious Women	439
Singing	440
Fabricated Traditions	442
Exploiting al-Zahri	444
Fabricated Narration against Imam Abu Ja'far	444
Fabricators against Abu Ja'far	444
1. Bayan bin Sam'an al-Hindi	445
2. Hamza al-Barbari	445
3. Al-Mughira bin Sa'id	446
His Heresies	446
Imam al-Baqir renounced him	447
The Revolt of al-Mughira b. Sa'id	448
Unbelief and Polytheism	448
Imam al-Baqir and a Syrian Scholar	449
Violent Revolts	451
The Revolt of Medina	451
The Revolt of the Repentant	453
The Revolt of al-Mukhtar	454
Al-Mukhtar scared the Murderers	455
Al-Mukhtar killed the Murderers	456
The Revolt of Ibn al-Zubayr	457
His Miserliness	457
His Enmity towards the 'Alids	459
The Failure of his Revolt	460
Economic Life	461

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